Triv Documentation


<Introduction>


Triv is the trivia game of short questions and short answers for the PalmPilot. You can play the Trivia Pizza, Triv Grid, or Trillionaire board games or take a Quick Quiz by yourself or with 1 to 4 players or teams. Or match wits against another person or the computer in the Triv Tac Toe strategy game.

<Table of Contents>


Advantages of Triv
How to Play
Trivia Pizza Play
Quick Quiz Play
Quick Quiz Scoring
Triv Grid Play
Triv Tac Toe Play
Trillionaire Play
Answers
Timer
Game Over and High Scores
Menu Options
Triv Data Modules
Triv Utilities
Pricing
Paying for Triv
Registering Once You Have Paid
Other Documentation
Bibliography
Updates and Contact Information


<Advantages of Triv>


Triv brings trivia to a new level with the following features and more:

Portability - You already carry your PalmPilot with you, so you'll have Triv with you wherever you go. No need to connect to the web to play. You can play an entire Quick Quiz in the time it takes to boot up a PC and connect to an ISP by modem.
Modularity - Triv questions come in data modules with over 500 questions each. Load only the modules you want or load all of them if you have room on your PalmPilot.
Low cost - $15 for the application. Over 25 thousand questions included. No ads or commercials. All future enhancements to Triv are free to registered owners.
Expandability - As long as people like Triv, new data modules will continue to be created. These are free to all registered owners of Triv.
Quality - All bundled Triv modules are kept up to date to keep them accurate if any answers change. Most questions won't be affected, but records are meant to be broken... If you disagree with an answer, contact me and I'll look it into it. If I change a question or answer the corrected module will be immediately made available to you and included in the next release for everyone else.


<How to Play>
New Game Options

When Triv starts up, it will bring up the New Game Options form. On this screen, you can set the game variation to play (Trivia Pizza, Quick Quiz, Triv Grid, Triv Tac Toe, or Trillionaire), and other options and preferences.

Click on the OK button to start a new game.Global Options

The Global Options button brings up a screen from which the number of Players can be set from 1 to 4, and the Timer can be turned Off or set to 15, 30, 60, or 120 seconds. These options can only be set before a new game begins.

The Global Preferences button brings up a screen on which the Font, Lines, Sound, Count Down By, Hardware Btns, and Score Changes options can be set. These options are explained in the Global Preferences section.

The Select Module button brings up a screen on which you can choose between the Triv data modules that you have loaded on your PalmPilot.

The Register button brings up a screen on which you can enter your Triv registration code after you have purchased Triv.

For each game variant, clicking on the corresponding Options buttons will display additional choices. Clicking on the corresponding Info ("i") buttons will show the help screen for each game.

Trivia Pizza Options

For the Trivia Pizza board game, there are 3 options:

Pizza Size: Determines the length of the game. Large means that players can only score points on pie squares. Small means that players can score points on any square. In either case, only one point can be earned in each category.
Pepperoni: Purely cosmetic (makes it easier to see the slices) and can be turned off if it gives you heartburn.
Numeric Dice: If checked, the dice will show numbers; if unchecked, the dice will show pips.
Rotate Pie: If checked, the pizza pie on the left will rotate to match the board on the right; if unchecked, the categories will remain fixed.


Quick Quiz Options

For Quick Quiz, you can set options for the number of questions (10 to 50), Horseshoes scoring (close numeric answers get partial credit), Difficulty Level (1=easy, 2=medium, 3=hard, Any=any level), and Same Questions (a fair variant of the multi-player game in which each person is given the same exact questions).

Triv Grid Options

For Triv Grid, you can set the number of rounds to play. The first player goes first in round 1, the second player goes first in round 2, and so forth. The fairest games would give each player a chance to go first the same number of times. With 4 players, having only 1 round favors players 1 and 2; 2 rounds favors player 2 and penalizes player 4; and 3 rounds favors players 2 and 3. This can be used as a small handicap if desired.

If you select the Negative Scoring checkbox, incorrect answers cause a score deduction equal to the difficulty level of the question, while not entering an answer costs 0 points. If this option is not checked, then incorrect answers and not answering are both worth 0 points.

If you select the Grid Bid checkbox, 1 Grid Bid square will be randomly selected in each round. This is similar to the Daily Double in "Jeopardy!". Players selecting the Grid Bid square can bid anywhere from 1 to their current score (or the number of the round times 5 if that is higher). If the Negative Scoring option is turned on and the player answers incorrectly or does not answer, the entire bid is deducted from the score (note that this differs from non-Grid Bid squares).

If you select the Practice Mode checkbox, you can use the Triv Grid board for selecting questions by category and difficulty (e.g., when playing on a real game board). The Rounds and Grid Bid options are ignored. An End Practice button will appear although you can also select the New Game Options menu item to exit the practice.

Triv Tac Toe Options

For Triv Tac Toe, you can set either the number of rounds to play by selecting the Max Rounds button or the number of points needed to win by selecting the Points to Win button.

In single-player mode, you can set the Computer Level from 1 (about 25% accuracy) to 3 (75%) to set the strength of the computer. This does not affect the computer's strategy, which is the same reasonably intelligent one regardless of the level.

The Animation checkbox controls whether squares are flashed to show when they are won or lost.

Trillionaire Options

For Trillionaire, the Show Score checkbox sets whether the score is displayed in a popup window before each question or not. You can set the difficulty Level to Easy (difficulty 1 questions only), Medium (difficulty 1 and 2 questions only), or Hard (level 1 to 3 questions). You can set the Error Penalty to 0 (no penalty) to 6 (incorrect answer ends game and costs 6 fictional dollar levels). For example, if the Error Level is set to 2 and you have successfully negotiated the $100 million question, getting the next question wrong would knock you down to $1 million, while quitting would leave you at $100 million.

<Trivia Pizza Play>
Trivia Pizza Before Roll

The goal of Trivia Pizza is to earn a pie slice in each of the 6 categories. The playing board consists of 42 spaces of which every 7th square is a pie slice (marked with a thick black rectangle outline) of a different category. You can think of the playing board as being wrapped around the outside of a cylinder (like the money wheel in "The Price is Right").

The Trivia Pizza screen displays a pizza pie indicating which pie slices have been earned. Each slice is labelled with the first letter of the category name. The pie is always oriented so that the slices on the right correspond to your current location (highlighted in black in the middle) on the playing board on the right side of the screen. The numbers on the sides of the board show what needs to be rolled to reach those squares (you can click on either the arrows or the category name).

Trivia Pizza After Roll

Click on the Roll button (or the die itself or your current square) to roll the die. You will always have a choice of two squares (of the same or different categories) to move to, and these will be indicated by double right arrows surrounding them on the board. Click on either of the indicated squares to move to that square.

Main Form Showing Multiple Choice Question

This will bring up the Main screen with a trivia question on it. Enter your guess using the on-screen buttons (alphabetic or numeric keypad, multiple choice options, or True/False options), the built-in PalmPilot keyboard, or Graffiti. Click on the OK button or use the Graffiti RETURN stroke (top right to bottom left) to enter alphabetic or numeric answers. The correct answer will then be displayed.

Each player's turn continues until an incorrect answer is given. The game ends after one person gets all six pie slices and each player has had the same number of turns.

<Quick Quiz Play>


Main Form Showing Numeric Keypad and Timer

If you are playing Quick Quiz, you will be brought to the Main screen with a trivia question on it. Enter your guess using the on-screen buttons (alphabetic or numeric keypad, multiple choice options, or True/False options), the built-in PalmPilot keyboard, Graffiti, or hardware buttons (for multiple choice or True/False answers). Click on the OK button or use the Graffiti RETURN stroke to enter alphabetic or numeric answers. The correct answer will then be displayed.

The next player then gets a turn, and play alternates until the requested number of trivia questions have been given to each player.

<Quick Quiz Scoring>


In the Quick Quiz game, 10 points are earned for each correct answer.

For numeric answers, there is a scoring variation called Horseshoes (as in "horseshoes and hand grenades") where close answers earn partial credit. If the Horseshoes checkbox is marked on the New Game Options form, the following scoring is also in effect:

For questions that ask for answers that are years:

4 points for answers within 10 years of the correct answer or
1 point for answers within 25 years of the correct answer

For questions that ask for answers that aren't years:

If the correct answer is under 32:

4 points for answers within 1 of the correct answer or
1 point for answers within 3 of the correct answer

If the correct answer is 32 or over:

4 points for answers within 10% of the correct answer or
1 point for answers within 25% of the correct answer




<Triv Grid Play>
Triv Grid

The goal of Triv Grid is to earn as many points as possible from a game board consisting of one question of each category/difficulty combination. For each correct answer, one point is earned for each level of difficulty. Since there are 6 categories and difficulty levels 1, 2, and 3, there are a total of 18 questions and 36 (6*(1+2+3)) possible points in each round.

Players take turns selecting a category and difficulty and then answering the corresponding question until all rounds have been played.

Grid Bid

If the Negative Scoring option is turned on, incorrect answers are penalized the value of the question, while declining to answer is worth 0 points. The exception to this is for Grid Bid questions, where declining to answer is the same as an incorrect answer.

<Triv Tac Toe Play>
Triv Tac Toe

The goal of Triv Tac Toe is to get three squares in a row. The first player has the "X" markers, and the second player has the "O" markers. In turn, each player selects an unoccupied square and answers a trivia question (this part is skipped when the computer plays). If the answer is correct, the player wins the square and earns a point. If the answer is incorrect, the other player gets the square unless it would make Triv Tac Toe (3 in a row).

A round ends when either player gets Triv Tac Toe (earning a 5 point bonus) or the board is full. The game ends after a set number of rounds has been played or one player has reached the minimum number of points needed to win (depending on the option set in Triv Tac Toe Options above).

<Trillionaire Play>
Trillionaire

The goal of Trillionaire is to answer up to 12 questions (one for each letter in "TRILLIONAIRE") without getting any wrong. Each question is worth 10 times as much as the previous question, starting at $10 (fictional Triv dollars) and ending with $1 TRILLION (even more fictional). There are 4 total Helpers of 3 different types to assist you:

New Question - Discards the current question and replaces with another one with the same value.
Eliminate Choices - Crosses off 2 of the incorrect answers. This helper is only available for multiple choice questions; for alphabetic, numeric, and true/false questions, a second New Question helper is provided instead.
Safety Net - Saves the user if the answer to the current question is wrong. Another question of the same value is given in that case. Regardless of whether the user answers incorrectly or not, the Safety Net is used up. 2 Safety Nets are available at the start of each game.


Images of the available helpers are displayed at the bottom of the main screen. If a helper is not available it, an 'X' is displayed instead.

Trillionaire

Tapping on the TRILLIONAIRE graphic toggles the display of the current level to the value of the question as text. For non-multiple choice questions only, tapping on the Show Keypad button will display the keypad instead of the helpers. When the keypad is displayed the button is labeled Show Helpers and the level is always displayed as text.

Lastly, unless the Error Penalty option is set to 0, a Quit button is available. This allows you to exit the game at your current dollar level instead of incurring a penalty for a wrong answer.

<Answers>


Answers to alphabetic questions consist of a single word with 1 to 10 capital letters, containing no numbers, spaces, or punctuation marks. Questions are phrased to indicate if a singular or plural answer is required, but in some cases either will be accepted. If the answer should be a person's name, use the last name (surname) by which they are usually known unless specifically asked to answer with the first, middle, or given name. Professional sports teams are referred to by nickname, while college teams are identified by college. 

Answers to numeric questions consist of 1 to 5 digits, with no minus signs, decimals, commas, or other symbols.

Answers to multiple choice questions are a single, lower case letter 'a', 'b', 'c', or 'd' if you are using Graffiti. You can also click on the answer text to select it.

Answers to True/False questions are a single, lower case letter 't' (for true) or 'f' (for false) if you are using Graffiti.

Note that alphabetic and numeric answers require you to hit the OK button or enter a Graffiti RETURN stroke, while multiple choice and True/False answers are entered automatically.

Answer Form

After you have entered your answer, the correct answer will be displayed, along with the number of points you earned and your current score. In the color version, correct answers are indicated in green, and incorrect answers are marked red. Press the OK button or use the Graffiti RETURN stroke (top right to bottom left) to continue. If you have enabled score changes on the Global Options screen, a Change Score button will appear. Pressing this button will give you full credit for your answer (after a confirmation dialog).

<Timer>


Triv has an optional timer that can be set on the New Game Options screen. The timer can set to Off, 15, 30, 60, or 120 seconds. If the timer is being used, it will be displayed below the answer field.

The timer counts down by one second at a time by default. This can be changed to 2, 5, or 10 seconds on the Global Options screen. This may be less distracting to the user and will use up less battery power due to a quirk in the way PalmOS handles 1-second timers.

The timer will continue to run even if the user switches applications or turns the PalmPilot off. This prevents users from getting extra time to answer.

<Game Over and High Scores>


When the game is over, the final scores of all players are displayed. For Quick Quiz with the difficulty level set to 3 or Any, there is also a High Score board. If any of the final scores makes the High Score list, it is displayed after the Game Over screen is dismissed. You can also bring up the High Score board at any time using the menu option below.

<Menu Options>


On most screens, you can access the Help menu at the far right, which has the following three choices:

Game Rules - Shows the rules for the selected game variant.
Module Info... - Displays detailed information about the currently selected module. Click on the Reset Marks button to clear the list of questions for this module that have been used. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/M".
About Triv - Displays information about Triv. Clicking on the "i" in the upper right hand corner of this window will bring up on-line help (an abbreviated version of the information in this file). The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/I".


On most screens, you can access the Launch menu to go to the other applications in the Triv suite:

TrivFind - Launch the TrivFind application.
TrivWriter - Launch the TrivWriter application.


Also on most screens, you can access the Beam menu in the middle, which allows you to beam Triv and its modules to another Palm device. The three Beam menu choices are:

Triv Application - Beams Triv.prc.
Current Triv Module - Beams the currently selected Triv database.
All Triv Modules - Beams all loaded Triv databases.
Note that you need at least Triv.prc and one Triv database to play Triv.

From the New Game Options screen, the following menu choices are available under the Triv menu on the left:

Select Module... - Displays a screen from which you can choose which Triv module to use (listed alphabetically). See the section below on Triv data modules. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/S".
Delete Module... - Displays a screen from which you can delete a Triv module from your PalmPilot. Click on the Delete Marks DB checkbox to also delete the database that stores which questions in the module have been used. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/D".
Player Names... - Displays a screen on which you can set the names for up to four players or teams. The standard Edit menu is available on this form. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/P".
High Scores... - Shows the top four scores for Quick Quiz (difficulty level 3 or Any only). Can be cleared by clicking on the Clear Scores button. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/H".
Set VFS Directory... - Displays a screen on which you can set a specific directory where Triv should search for trivia modules. Tap on the "Card Default" button to use the current external card's default directory (usually "/PALM/Launcher"), tap on the "Alternative Directory" button to use "/PALM/Programs/Triv", or enter any specific directory you want. If you don't use the card's default directory, you will need a utility such as Filez (freeware) to place files there. (NOTE: for PalmOS 5.0, you may need to use the Alternative Directory to get things to work.)
Registration... - For unregistered copies of Triv, displays a screen on which you can enter your registration code after you have paid. This gives you access to all questions in all modules (unregistered copies of Triv can only see the first 36 questions in each module). See the section below on Registering Triv.

Global Preferences Form


Preferences... - Displays a screen on which you can set the following options:

Font - Sets the font used to display trivia questions.
Lines - Sets whether lines are displayed in the trivia question field or not.
Sound - Sets whether sound is turned On, Off, or set to match the System Game Sounds preference.
Choice Order - Sets whether multiple choice options should be displayed in Default order (usually alphabetic) or Random order. Note: in Random order, "All of the above" always refers to all of the other choices.
Count Down By - Sets the number of seconds per timer tick. Can be set to update the timer every 1, 2, 5, or 10 seconds.
Hardware Btns - Sets whether the hardware buttons can be used for multiple choice and True/False answers. For multiple choice answers, the Datebook, Address, To Do, and Memo hardware buttons can be used for the answers 'a', 'b', 'c', and 'd' respectively. For True/False answers, the left two buttons are "True", and the right two are "False".
Score Change - Sets whether the user can overrule scoring decisions. If set, when a user enters an incorrect answer, a "Change Score" button will appear on the Answer form. Clicking on this button instead of on the OK button will give full credit for the given answer after a quick confirmation.
Set Color - Sets the color of the background used on Triv's main screens. You can select from over 200 standard Palm colors or restore Triv's default (faint purple).
The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/R".

From the Trivia Pizza, Triv Grid, Triv Tac Toe, Trillionaire, and Main screens, the following menu choices are available on the Triv menu on the left:

Current Scores... - Shows the scores for all players in the current game. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/C".
High Scores... - see above
Preferences... - see above
Registration... - see above
New Game Options... - Starts a new game after displaying the New Game Options screen.
New Game - Starts a new game using the same game options as the current game. The Graffiti shortcut for this option is "/N".


<Triv Data Modules>


Each full Triv data module contains over 500 questions evenly split between 6 categories and 3 difficulty levels. These modules take up between 30Kb and 70Kb each. Specially themed mini-modules have fewer questions. Triv modules may be stored in main memory or on any VFS-accessible card (e.g., SD, MMC, etc.) under PalmOS 4.0 and higher.

53 full modules and 8 mini-modules are currently bundled with Triv and are located in the "Apps" folder:

Addictive_Triv - Genus module with alphabetic answers
All_Ball - Sports module with alphabetic answers
Alphabet_Soup - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Alphabits - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Athletes_Feats - Sports module with alphabetic answers
Baseball - Sports module with alphabetic answers
Brain_Food - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Choice_Couplets - Genus module with multiple choice answers
Country_Capitals - Geography module with alphabetic answers
Country_Capitals_MC - Geography module with multiple choice answers
Fact_or_Fiction - Genus module with true/false answers
Genuine_Genus - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Genus_Genius - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Ingenuity - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Intravenous Genus - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Know Bull - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Multi_Sport* - 3 Sports modules with multiple choice answers
Multiple_Guess* - 11 Genus modules with multiple choice answers
Multiplex - Entertainment module with multiple choice answers
Numb_and_Number - Genus module with numeric answers
NumBurst - Genus module with numeric answers
Peppered_Brie - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Queryous - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Scoreboard_Horde - Sports module with numeric answers
Second_Guess* - 4 Genus modules with multiple choice answers
Short_Stuff - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Sports_1999 - Sports module with alphabetic answers
Sports_Galore - Sports module with alphabetic answers
Sports_Shorts - Sports module with alphabetic answers
State_Capitals - Geography module with alphabetic answers
State_Capitals_MC - Geography module with multiple choice answers
The_Entertainer* - 4 Entertainment modules with alphabetic answers
Trillionaire* - 5 Genus modules with multiple choice answers
Uncommon_Knowledge - Genus module with alphabetic answers
US_Presidents - Presidents mini-module with mixed answers (300+ questions)
US_Presidents_MC - Presidents mini-module with multiple choice answers (300+ questions)
World_Lore_One - Genus module with alphabetic answers
Xmas_Xtra - Christmas mini-module with mixed answers (100+ questions)
Xmas_Xtra_MC - Christmas mini-module with multiple choice answers (100+ questions)


Other module ideas are always welcome... You can now create your own modules with TrivWriter or Triv Module Creator (see next section). There are currently 2 user-created trivia modules with over 600 questions.

<Triv Utilities>


TrivFind is a free application bundled with Triv that allows you to use its trivia modules as a reference. Simply install TrivFind.prc and run it on your Palm device. TrivFind's options are fairly self-explanatory, but you can tap on the "i"(information) icon at the top right of the main screen for details. Tap on the "modules selected" count to specify exactly which trivia modules youwould like to search in.TrivWriter is a free application bundled with Triv that allows you to create your own trivia modules, study guides, etc. Simply install TrivWriter.prc and run it on your Palm device. You can also run it under POSE (PalmOS Emulator) on your PC or Macintosh (use the "Export Database..." option to copy your generated Triv modules to ".pdb" files on your desktop that you can then install on your actual Palm device). See the TrivWriter documentation for more details.Triv Module Creator is a free Macintosh application bundled with Triv Macintosh that allows you to create your own trivia modules, study guides, etc. It has a few features that TrivWriter does not.

<Pricing>


Triv is $15 shareware. All upgrades and data modules are free! Simple economics will dictate how many upgrades and new modules there are, so please register and spread the word...

<Paying for Triv>
See the Purchasing.html document or tap on the Help button on Triv's Registration screen for details on how obtain a registration code.

<Registering Once You Have Paid>


Once you have your registration code, go back into Triv and use the Registration menu option to bring up the Registration screen. Enter the code and click on the OK button. You should get a confirmation window, and then you will have access to all questions in all current and future modules. Thanks!

<Other Documentation>


In the "Apps" folder, the file TrivDoc.prc is a Doc-formatted version of this file. This file can be installed on your PalmPilot for reference if you have a Doc reader installed. You can download the free eReader (http://www.ereader.com/product/browse/software).

In the "Docs" folder the following files can also be found:

TrivDoc.html - Documentation for Triv readable in a web browser such as Netscape Communicator or Internet Explorer.
TrivDoc.txt - Documentation for Triv readable in any text editor.
Pricing.txt - A poem about Triv.
VERSION.txt - Release history for Triv.


<Bibliography>


Below is a partial list of the hundreds of references used to create the questions for Triv:

Ash, Russell, "Fantastic Book of 1001 Lists", 1999
Ash, Russell, "The Top 10 of Everything 2000", 1999
Ash, Russell, "The Top 10 of Everything 2002", 2001
Asimov, Isaac, "Facts & Trivia", 1979
Asimov, Isaac, "Understanding Physics", 1966
Asimov, Isaac, "Words of Science", 1959
Barnes-Svarney, Patricia ed., "The New York Public Library Science Desk Reference", 1995
"The Bathroom Sports Almanac", 1995
Benet, William Rose, "The Reader's Encyclopedia", 1965
Billboard Publications, "The Billboard Book of Number One Hits", 1985
Brunner, Borgna ed., "Time Almanac 1999", 1999
Brunner, Borgna ed., "Time Almanac 2006", 2005
Bryson, Bill, "A Short History of Nearly Everything", 2003
Campbell, W. John ed., "The Book of Great Books", 2000
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, "The Handy Science Answer Book", 1997
Charlton, Mark B., "The Great American Bathroom Reader", 1997
Claiborne, Ray C., "Big Book of Science Questions and Answers", 2003
Collins, Bud and Hollander, Zander, "Bud Collins' Modern Encyclopedia of Tennis", 1994
Columbia University Press, "The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia", 1995
Connors, Martin and Craddock, James ed., "VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever", 1997
Cotterell, Arthur and Storm, Rachel, "The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology", 1999
The Diagram Group, "The Rule Book", 1983
Davis, Kenneth C., "Don't Know Much About History", 2003
Davis, Kenneth C., "Don't Know Much About the Universe", 2001
Dickson, Paul, "From Elvis to E-Mail", 1999
Dolgins, Adam, "Rock Names from Abba to ZZ Top", 1988
Ebert, Roger, "Roger Ebert's Four Star Movie Guide", 1988
"Encyclopedia Britannica Almanac 2004", 2003
"ESPN SportsCentury", 1999
Forker, Dom, "The Ultimate Baseball Quiz Book", 1981
Foss, Gwen, "The Book of Numbered Lists", 1998
Gebert, Michael, "The Encyclopedia of Movie Awards", 1996
Greenberg, Stan, "The Guinness Book of Olympic Facts & Feats", 1984
Grun, Bernard, "The Timetables of History", 1979
Guinness Media, Inc., "The Guinness Book of World Records", 1998
Guinness World Records Ltd., "The Guinness Book of World Records 2001", 2000
Hassan, John ed., "ESPN 1998 Information Please Almanac", 1997
Hill, Tom ed., "Nick at Nite's Classic TV Companion", 1996
Hirsch, E.D., Jr. et al., "The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy", 1993
Humet, Alexander et al., "Zero to Lazy Eight", 1993
Ingram, Jay, "The Science of Everyday Life", 1989
Israel, Elaine ed., "The World Almanac for Kids 2000", 1999
James, Bill, "The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract", 2003
Johnson, Anne Janette, "Great Women in Sports", 1996
Knox, Bernard ed., "Classical Literature", 1993
Langmuir, Erika and Lynton, Norbert, "The Yale Dictionary of Art & Artists", 2000
Larkin, Colin, "All-Time Top 1000 Albums", 1999
Leokum, Arkady, "Tell Me Why", 1971
"Literature Lover's Companion", 2001
Lucaire, Ed, "The Celebrity Almanac", 1991
Marill, Alvin H. et al., "Blockbuster Entertainment Guide to Television on Video", 1996
McCutcheon, Marc, "Descriptionary - A Thematic Dictionary", 2000
McDevitt, Neale ed., "The Ultimate Fan's Guide Pro Sports Travel", 2001
McFarlane, Brian, "History of Hockey", 1997
McWhirter, Norris and McWhirter, Ross, "Guinness Book of World Records", 1975
Miller, Marilyn and Faux, Marian ed., "The New York Public Library American History Desk Reference", 1997
Mish, Frederick C. ed., "Webster's Ninth Collegiate Dictionary", 1983
Nelson, Rebecca ed., "The Handy History Answer Book", 1999
Nemec, David, "Great Baseball Feats, Facts & Firsts", 1999
O'Neil, Thomas, "The Emmys", 1998
Paulos, John Allen, "Beyond Numeracy", 1991
Park, Ken, "The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2002", 2002
Perry, Marvin ed., "A History of the World", 1988
"Philip's Millennium Encyclopedia & World Atlas", 1999
Phillips, Charles et al., "The 20th Century Year by Year", 1999
Phillips, Louis and Holmes, Burnham, "The Complete Book of Sports Nicknames", 1998
Postman, Andrew and Stone, Larry, "The Ultimate Book of Sports Lists", 2003
Romanowski, Patricia and George-Warren, Holly ed., "The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll", 1995
Rosenberg, Matthew T., "The Handy Geography Answer Book", 1999
Rothamley, Jennifer, "Dictionary of Theories", 2002
Rowen, Beth ed., "The 1998 A&E Entertainment Almanac", 1997
Sackett, Susan, "Prime-Time Hits", 1993
Schwartz, David et al., "The Encyclopedia of TV Game Shows", 1995
Smith, Ron, "The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Basketball", 1997
"Sports Illustrated 2000 Almanac", 1999
"Sports Illustrated 2001 Almanac", 2000
"Sports Illustrated 2004 Almanac", 2003
Sterling Publications, "Family Fun & Games", 1992
"Time Almanac 2006", 2005
Tuleja, Tad, "Curious Customs", 1987
Turkin, Hy and Thompson, S.C., "The Official Encyclopedia of Baseball", 1977
United States Olympic Committee, "Atlanta 1996", 1996
"Visual Encyclopedia", 2001
Wallechinsky, David and Wallace, Amy, "The Book of Lists - The 90's Edition", 1993
Wallechinsky, David et al., "The Book of Lists", 1978
"Webster's Dictionary of American Authors", 1995
Whitburn, Joel, "The Billboard Book of Top 40 Albums", 1995
Whitburn, Joel, "The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits", 1995
"The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2002", 2002
"The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2005", 2005


In addition, there were countless web resources, of which special mention must be made of IMDB (http://www.imdb.com) for its extraordinary movie and television information.

<Updates and Contact Information>


Triv Version 3.9.2, June 1, 2007
Triv is Copyright (C)1998-2007 by Robert Jen.

Please click here for updates and contact information.